YADVINDER MALHI
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Travels in ecosystem science

Some observations and musings from the field and the office.
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Tropical forests in the Anthropocene

24/7/2014

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I gave a talk at the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation today. It covers a broad perspective of what the Anthropocene is, what it means for the tropics and what w do about it. It is available for download here.
Tropical forests and the Anthropocene (50 MB). 

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ATBC 2014, Cairns, Australia

21/7/2014

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At the annual meeting of the Association of Tropical Biology and Conservation (ATBC) in Cairns, in the beautiful Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia. This is the big annual meeting for tropical ecologists, and a wonderful rounded education of all that is happening in tropical ecology and conservation for anyone who attends.
I have just been elected a Council Member, and attended a few days of valuable and thought-provoking discussion what what a tropical biology association should be, and who it should be for.
We have also just launched a European subgroup of ATBC, to facilitate greater linkage and collaboration between European tropical forest researchers.
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Synchronous fire activity in the tropical high Andes

2/7/2014

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We have a new paper in Global Change Biology, led by Rosa Maria Roman Cuesta, examining the long term variation of fire occurrence in the high Andes. To our surprise, we found a spatially extensive and strong 5 year variation in  fire occurrence, which seems to been driven by external climate drivers such as the sea surface temperature of the Pacific Ocean. Below is the abstract. The paper can be downloaded from the link below:

Román-Cuesta, R. M., Carmona-Moreno, C., Lizcano, G., New, M., Silman, M., Knoke, T., Malhi, Y., Oliveras, I., Asbjornsen, H. and Vuille, M. (2014), Synchronous fire activity in the tropical high Andes: an indication of regional climate forcing. Global Change Biology, 20: 1929–1942. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12538

Abstract

Global climate models suggest enhanced warming of the tropical mid and upper troposphere, with larger temperature rise rates at higher elevations. Changes in fire activity are amongst the most significant ecological consequences of rising temperatures and changing hydrological properties in mountainous ecosystems, and there is a global evidence of increased fire activity with elevation. Whilst fire research has become popular in the tropical lowlands, much less is known of the tropical high Andean region (>2000masl, from Colombia to Bolivia). This study examines fire trends in the high Andes for three ecosystems, the Puna, the Paramo and the Yungas, for the period 1982–2006. We pose three questions: (i) is there an increased fire response with elevation? (ii) does the El Niño- Southern Oscillation control fire activity in this region? (iii) are the observed fire trends human driven (e.g., human practices and their effects on fuel build-up) or climate driven? We did not find evidence of increased fire activity with elevation but, instead, a quasicyclic and synchronous fire response in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, suggesting the influence of high- frequency climate forcing on fire responses on a subcontinental scale, in the high Andes. ENSO variability did not show a significant relation to fire activity for these three countries, partly because ENSO variability did not significantly relate to precipitation extremes, although it strongly did to temperature extremes. Whilst ENSO did not individually lead the observed regional fire trends, our results suggest a climate influence on fire activity, mainly through a sawtooth pattern of precipitation (increased rainfall before fire-peak seasons followed by drought spells and unusual low temperatures , which is particularly common where fire is carried by low fuel loads (e.g., grasslands and fine fuel). This climatic sawtooth appeared as the main driver of fire trends, above local human influences and fuel build-up cyclicity. 


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    Yadvinder Malhi is an ecosytem ecologist and Professor of Ecosystem Science at Oxford University

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